{"id":2624,"date":"2026-03-01T01:03:58","date_gmt":"2026-02-28T23:03:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nature-o.net\/?page_id=2624"},"modified":"2026-03-06T19:42:35","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T17:42:35","slug":"volcanic-ash-travel-estimator","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/nature-o.net\/?page_id=2624","title":{"rendered":"Volcanic Ash Travel Estimator"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"eco-tool wp-block-group\" id=\"eco-tool-ash-3f1b4\">\n  <div class=\"eco-tool__header\">\n    <h2 class=\"eco-tool__title\">Volcanic Ash Travel Estimator<\/h2>\n    <p class=\"eco-tool__lead\">\n      Estimate how far volcanic ash could travel based on wind speed and eruption duration (simplified model).\n    <\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <form class=\"eco-tool__form\" id=\"eco-ash-form-3f1b4\" novalidate>\n    <div class=\"eco-tool__grid3\">\n\n      <div class=\"eco-tool__field\">\n        <label class=\"eco-tool__label\" for=\"eco-ash-wind-3f1b4\">Wind speed (km\/h)<\/label>\n        <input class=\"eco-tool__input\" id=\"eco-ash-wind-3f1b4\" type=\"number\" min=\"0\" step=\"1\" value=\"40\" inputmode=\"numeric\" \/>\n        <div class=\"eco-tool__hint\">Typical upper-level winds: 20\u2013120 km\/h.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"eco-tool__field\">\n        <label class=\"eco-tool__label\" for=\"eco-ash-hours-3f1b4\">Eruption duration (hours)<\/label>\n        <input class=\"eco-tool__input\" id=\"eco-ash-hours-3f1b4\" type=\"number\" min=\"0\" step=\"0.5\" value=\"6\" inputmode=\"decimal\" \/>\n        <div class=\"eco-tool__hint\">How long ash is injected into the atmosphere.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"eco-tool__field\">\n        <label class=\"eco-tool__label\" for=\"eco-ash-height-3f1b4\">Ash plume height<\/label>\n        <select class=\"eco-tool__input\" id=\"eco-ash-height-3f1b4\">\n          <option value=\"low\">Low (local)<\/option>\n          <option value=\"mid\" selected>Medium (regional)<\/option>\n          <option value=\"high\">High (long-range)<\/option>\n        <\/select>\n        <div class=\"eco-tool__hint\">Higher plumes can travel farther.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"eco-tool__field\">\n        <label class=\"eco-tool__label\" for=\"eco-ash-loss-3f1b4\">Fallout\/settling factor<\/label>\n        <select class=\"eco-tool__input\" id=\"eco-ash-loss-3f1b4\">\n          <option value=\"0.65\">High settling (heavy ash)<\/option>\n          <option value=\"0.8\" selected>Typical settling<\/option>\n          <option value=\"0.9\">Low settling (fine ash)<\/option>\n        <\/select>\n        <div class=\"eco-tool__hint\">Represents how much ash stays airborne.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"eco-tool__field\">\n        <label class=\"eco-tool__label\" for=\"eco-ash-out-3f1b4\">Output style<\/label>\n        <select class=\"eco-tool__input\" id=\"eco-ash-out-3f1b4\">\n          <option value=\"simple\" selected>Simple<\/option>\n          <option value=\"detailed\">Detailed note<\/option>\n        <\/select>\n        <div class=\"eco-tool__hint\">Detailed adds more explanation.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"eco-tool__field\">\n        <label class=\"eco-tool__label\" for=\"eco-ash-round-3f1b4\">Rounding<\/label>\n        <select class=\"eco-tool__input\" id=\"eco-ash-round-3f1b4\">\n          <option value=\"0\" selected>Whole km<\/option>\n          <option value=\"1\">1 decimal<\/option>\n          <option value=\"2\">2 decimals<\/option>\n        <\/select>\n        <div class=\"eco-tool__hint\">Display precision.<\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"eco-tool__actions\">\n      <button type=\"button\" class=\"wp-element-button eco-tool__btn\" id=\"eco-ash-calc-3f1b4\">Calculate<\/button>\n      <button type=\"button\" class=\"wp-element-button eco-tool__btn eco-tool__btn--ghost\" id=\"eco-ash-reset-3f1b4\">Reset<\/button>\n      <div class=\"eco-tool__error\" id=\"eco-ash-error-3f1b4\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/form>\n\n  <div class=\"eco-tool__result\" id=\"eco-ash-result-3f1b4\" hidden>\n    <h3 class=\"eco-tool__subtitle\">Result<\/h3>\n\n    <div class=\"eco-tool__cards\">\n      <div class=\"eco-tool__card\">\n        <div class=\"eco-tool__metric-label\">Estimated ash travel distance<\/div>\n        <div class=\"eco-tool__metric-value\" id=\"eco-ash-dist-3f1b4\">\u2014<\/div>\n        <div class=\"eco-tool__metric-sub\" id=\"eco-ash-dist-sub-3f1b4\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"eco-tool__card\">\n        <div class=\"eco-tool__metric-label\">Reach category<\/div>\n        <div class=\"eco-tool__metric-value\" id=\"eco-ash-cat-3f1b4\">\u2014<\/div>\n        <div class=\"eco-tool__metric-sub\" id=\"eco-ash-time-3f1b4\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"eco-tool__card eco-tool__card--wide\">\n      <div class=\"eco-tool__metric-label\">Educational note<\/div>\n      <div class=\"eco-tool__metric-sub\" id=\"eco-ash-note-3f1b4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n.eco-tool{border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.12);border-radius:12px;padding:16px}\n.eco-tool__grid3{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:16px}\n@media(min-width:860px){.eco-tool__grid3{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr}}\n.eco-tool__field{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px}\n.eco-tool__label{font-weight:600}\n.eco-tool__input{height:44px;padding:0 12px;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.2);border-radius:10px}\n.eco-tool__actions{display:flex;gap:10px;margin-top:16px}\n.eco-tool__btn--ghost{background:transparent!important;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.2)!important}\n.eco-tool__cards{display:grid;gap:10px;margin-top:16px}\n@media(min-width:860px){.eco-tool__cards{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}\n.eco-tool__card{border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.12);border-radius:12px;padding:12px}\n.eco-tool__metric-value{font-size:1.6em;font-weight:800;margin-top:6px}\n<\/style>\n\n<script>\n(function(){\nconst S=\"3f1b4\";\nconst el=id=>document.getElementById(id+\"-\"+S);\n\nfunction round(x,d){\n const p=Math.pow(10,d);\n return Math.round(x*p)\/p;\n}\n\nfunction calculate(){\n const wind=Number(el(\"eco-ash-wind\").value);\n const hours=Number(el(\"eco-ash-hours\").value);\n const height=el(\"eco-ash-height\").value;\n const loss=Number(el(\"eco-ash-loss\").value);\n const out=el(\"eco-ash-out\").value;\n const dec=Number(el(\"eco-ash-round\").value);\n\n if(!Number.isFinite(wind)||!Number.isFinite(hours)||wind<0||hours<0){\n   return;\n }\n\n \/\/ height multiplier (simple)\n let hMult=1;\n if(height===\"low\") hMult=0.7;\n if(height===\"mid\") hMult=1.0;\n if(height===\"high\") hMult=1.4;\n\n \/\/ distance = wind * duration * multipliers\n const dist = wind * hours * hMult * loss;\n\n let cat=\"Local\";\n if(dist>300) cat=\"Long-range\";\n else if(dist>80) cat=\"Regional\";\n\n el(\"eco-ash-dist\").textContent=round(dist,dec).toLocaleString()+\" km\";\n el(\"eco-ash-dist-sub\").textContent=`Wind ${wind.toLocaleString()} km\/h \u2022 Duration ${hours.toLocaleString()} h`;\n\n el(\"eco-ash-cat\").textContent=cat;\n el(\"eco-ash-time\").textContent=`Time window: ${hours.toLocaleString()} hours`;\n\n el(\"eco-ash-note\").textContent =\n   out===\"detailed\"\n   ? \"This is a simplified wind-advection estimate. Real ash dispersion depends on plume height profile, particle size, turbulence, precipitation, and changing winds.\"\n   : \"Simplified estimate based on wind speed and time aloft.\";\n\n el(\"eco-ash-result\").hidden=false;\n}\n\nel(\"eco-ash-calc\").addEventListener(\"click\",calculate);\nel(\"eco-ash-reset\").addEventListener(\"click\",()=>el(\"eco-ash-result\").hidden=true);\n})();\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Volcanic Ash Travel Estimator Estimate how far volcanic ash could travel based on wind speed and eruption duration (simplified model). Wind speed (km\/h) Typical upper-level winds: 20\u2013120 km\/h. Eruption duration&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":2457,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nature-o.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2624"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nature-o.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nature-o.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nature-o.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nature-o.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2624"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/nature-o.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2624\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2625,"href":"https:\/\/nature-o.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2624\/revisions\/2625"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nature-o.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2457"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nature-o.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}