Exotic insects such as stick insects, praying mantises, beetles, tarantulas, and giant cockroaches are becoming increasingly popular as pets. They are quiet, require relatively little space, and offer a unique opportunity to observe behaviors rarely seen in mammals or birds. However, these invertebrates need specialized care, stable environments, and attention to detail. Understanding their habitat, diet, and handling limits is essential for their well-being.
Popular Types of Exotic Insects and Arachnids
- Stick insects (Phasmatodea): Mimic twigs, need vertical climbing space
- Praying mantises (Mantodea): Carnivorous, solitary, need live insect prey
- Giant African millipedes: Herbivorous, peaceful, need moist environments
- Hissing cockroaches (Madagascar): Easy to keep, low odor, hardy
- Tarantulas (though technically arachnids): Require precise humidity and hiding spots
- Beetles (e.g., stag beetles, flower beetles): Often need substrate for larvae
Each species has unique environmental needs, so research the exact type before bringing one home.
Habitat Requirements
1. Enclosure (Terrarium or Insectarium):
- Size should reflect the species’ movement and climbing needs
- Use glass or plastic containers with ventilation
- Provide secure lids to prevent escapes
2. Substrate:
- Use coconut fiber, leaf litter, moss, or soil depending on species
- Some larvae burrow, so depth is important
3. Temperature and Humidity:
- Most exotic insects require tropical conditions (22–30°C)
- Use heat mats, thermostats, and hygrometers
- Mist regularly to maintain proper humidity levels
4. Lighting:
- UV light is not usually required, but a natural day/night cycle helps
- Avoid intense direct sunlight
5. Decor and Enrichment:
- Branches for climbing (especially for mantises and stick insects)
- Bark, cork tubes, or leaves for hiding
- Replace soiled items regularly to avoid mold or parasites
Feeding Exotic Insects
Feeding depends entirely on whether the species is herbivorous, carnivorous, or omnivorous.
| Insect Type | Diet |
|---|---|
| Stick Insects | Fresh leaves (e.g., blackberry, oak) |
| Praying Mantises | Live prey (e.g., crickets, flies) |
| Tarantulas | Live insects (roaches, mealworms) |
| Hissing Roaches | Fruits, vegetables, dry dog food |
| Millipedes | Rotting leaves, fruits, vegetables |
| Beetles | Varies by species — fruit or protein |
- Remove uneaten food to avoid mold or mites
- Always offer fresh water in a shallow dish or misting
Handling and Interaction
- Many exotic insects should not be handled frequently
- Some, like mantises, may tolerate occasional interaction
- Others, like tarantulas or fragile beetles, may become stressed or injured
- Wash hands before and after handling to avoid transferring chemicals or bacteria
Never handle if the insect is molting, as it is extremely vulnerable during this time.
Common Health and Husbandry Issues
- Dehydration from low humidity
- Improper molting due to dry or cramped enclosures
- Parasites and mites in dirty habitats
- Injuries from falls or rough handling
- Short life cycles: Many species live only 6–24 months
Responsible owners should learn the lifespan and be prepared for care during all life stages — including pupal or larval phases in some insects.
Legal and Ethical Considerations
- Check local laws — some exotic insects or spiders are restricted or regulated
- Buy only from licensed breeders or responsible hobbyists
- Never release exotic insects into the wild — it can harm local ecosystems
Glossary
- Molting: The process of shedding exoskeleton to grow
- Substrate: The material used on the bottom of an enclosure
- Terrarium: An enclosed glass or plastic habitat for animals
- Humidity: The amount of moisture in the air
- Carnivorous: Animals that feed on other animals
