How Plants Adapt to Cold

How Plants Adapt to Cold

Plants grow in some of the harshest, coldest environments on Earth — from Arctic tundra to high mountain peaks. To survive, they have evolved specialized adaptations that help them withstand…
What Are Climate Refugees?

What Are Climate Refugees?

Climate refugees are people forced to leave their homes due to the effects of climate change and environmental disasters. These can include rising sea levels, extreme weather events, prolonged droughts,…
Why Amphibians Are Disappearing

Why Amphibians Are Disappearing

Amphibians — frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians — are among the most threatened groups of animals on Earth. Scientists estimate that nearly one-third of all amphibian species are at risk…
How Insects Pollinate Plants

How Insects Pollinate Plants

Pollination is the process of transferring pollen from the male part of a flower (anther) to the female part (stigma), enabling fertilization and seed production. While wind and water can…
How Biospheres Work

How Biospheres Work

A biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems — the regions of Earth (or a closed artificial system) where life exists and interacts with the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.…